Quran, Culture And Civilization

Quran, Culture And Civilization

A Critique of the Notion of Quranic Distortion by Shi’a in the book Tārīkh al-Qur’an ‛Inda al-Ithnā ‘Asharīyah

Authors
Bahman Hadilo 1
Mohammad Alimohammadi 2
1 Assistant Professor at the University of Quranic Sciences and Teachings, Qom, Iran
2 MA in Quran and Hadith Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University.
10.22034/jksl.2025.516384.1456
Abstract
Cheerfulness (Nashāṭ) is a concept that has internal, behavioral, and social dimensions and is associated with notions such as satisfaction, hope, smiling, and mental and social health. In the Qurʾānic perspective, cheerfulness is a state of inner happiness, heartfeltsureness, and spiritual contentment arising from connection with God, faith, gratitude for blessings, righteous deeds, and hope for divine reward. This research aims to explain the concept of cheerfulness based on a content analysis of related concepts in the verses of the Holy Qurʾān. The research method is qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. For this purpose, a list was used as the data collection tool, and Qurʾānic software was employed to prepare and extract the relevant verses. The analysis and examination of the findings indicate that the cause or context of cheerfulness is significant and has positive or negative aspects. In general, cheerfulness can be divided into two categories: praiseworthy cheerfulness and blameworthy cheerfulness. The most important results of the research are that: praiseworthy and desirable cheerfulness from the perspective of the Holy Qurʾān includes faith-based and divine cheerfulness, which is connected to monotheistic values, spirituality, gratitude, and piety, and in the Hereafter leads to divine satisfaction and otherworldly felicity; whereas blameworthy and reprehensible cheerfulness from the perspective of the Holy Qurʾān includes non-faith-based cheerfulness, which is associated with factors such as worldly wealth and property and illegitimate pleasures, and in the Hereafter leads to fall and divine punishment.
Keywords
Distortion, Holy Quran, Shi&‌rsquo
a, Abd al-Aziz al-Dhamir, Tārīkh al-Qur&‌rsquo
an ‛inda al-Ithnā &‌lsquo
asharīyah.
Qurʾān Karīm.
Al-Bukhārī, M. ibn I. (1998). Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Dār al-Fikr. [In Arabic]
Al-Ḍāmir, ʿA. ibn ʿA. al-R. (2016). Tārīkh al-Qurʾān ʿInd al-Ithnā ʿAsharīyah. Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah. [In Arabic]
Al-Fakhr al-Rāzī, M. ibn Ḥ. (1995). Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr. Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī. [In Arabic]
Al-Gharawī al-Ardabīlī, M. ibn ʿA. (1983). Jāmiʿ al-Ruwāt. Maktabat al-Marʿashī al-Najafī. [In Arabic]
Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, M. M., & Ḥusaynī Ashkūrī, A. (1983). Al-Dharīʿah Ilā Taṣānīf al-Shīʿah. Dār al-Aḍwāʾ. [In Arabic]
Ashʿarī, A. al-Ḥ., ʿA. ibn I. (1980). Maqālāt al-Islāmīyīn. Dār al-Nashr Franz Steiner. [In Arabic]
Bustānī, F. A. (1996). Farhang-e Abjadī. Nashr-e Eslāmī. [In Persian]
Farāhīdī, K. ibn A. (n.d.). Kitāb al-ʿAyn. Bīnā. [In Arabic]
Fayḍ Kāshānī, M. (1982). Tafsīr al-Ṣāfī (H. Aʿlamī, Ed.). Muʾassasat Aʿlamī. [In Arabic]
Ḥākim Nīshābūrī, M. ibn ʿA. (2014). Al-Mustadrak ʿAlā al-Ṣaḥīḥayn. Dār al-Taʾṣīl. [In Arabic]
Ḥaskānī, Ḥ. (1991). Shawāhid al-Tanzīl li Qawāʿid al-Tafḍīl. Vizārat-e Ershād. [In Arabic]
Ibn Abī Zaynab, M. ibn I. (1983). Al-Ghaybah li al-Nuʿmānī (A. Fahri Zanjani, Trans.). Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah. [In Persian]
Ibn Bābawayh, M. ibn ʿA. (1988). Tarjomeh-ye Man lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh. Bīnā. [In Persian]
Ibn Bābawayh, M. ibn ʿA. (1993). Tarjomeh-ye ʿUyūn Akhbār al-Riḍā (AS) (H. R. Mostafid & A. A. Ghaffari, Trans.). Nashr-e Ṣadūq. [In Persian]
Ibn Durayd, M. ibn Ḥ. (n.d.). Jamharat al-Lughah. Bīnā. [In Arabic]
Ibn Fāris, A. (1984). Maqāyīs al-Lughah (ʿA. S. M. Hārūn, Ed.). Maktab al-Iʿlām al-Islāmī. [In Arabic]
Ibn Ḥanbal, A. ibn M. (1996). Musnad Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Muʾassasat al-Risālah. [In Arabic]
Ibn Manẓūr, M. ibn M. (n.d.). Lisān al-ʿArab. Bīnā. [In Arabic]
Khuʾī, A. (1974). Al-Bayān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān. Maṭbaʿah ʿIlmīyah. [In Arabic]
Kulaynī, M. ibn Y. (1987). Al-Kāfī. Bīnā. [In Arabic]
Māl Allāh, M. ibn S., & Najafī, M. A. (1989). Al-Shīʿah wa Taḥrīf al-Qurʾān. Maktabat Ibn Taymīyah. [In Arabic]
Maʿrifat, M. H. (2007). Ṣiyānat al-Qurʾān min al-Taḥrīf. Muʾassasah-ye Farhangī-ye Enteshārātī-ye Tamhīd. [In Persian]
Munāwī, M. ibn ʿA. al-R. (1990). Al-Taʿrīfāt. Dār al-Fikr. [In Arabic]
Murtaḍā Zubaydī, M. ibn M. (n.d.). Tāj al-ʿArūs. Dār al-Fikr. [In Arabic]
Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj al-Nīshābūrī. (1995). Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim ba Sharḥ-e Sanūsī (M. S. Hāshim, Ed.). Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah. [In Arabic]
Najāshī, A. ibn ʿA. (1986). Rijāl al-Najāshī. Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī. [In Arabic]
Nūrī, H. (1999). Faṣl al-Khiṭāb fī Taḥrīf Kitāb Rabb al-Arbāb. Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah. [In Arabic]
Qaffārī, N. (n.d.). Uṣūl Madhhab al-Shīʿah al-Imāmīyah al-Ithnā ʿAsharīyah. Dār Ṭayyibah li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzīʿ. [In Arabic]
Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī, Ḥ. ibn M. (1995). Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān. Bīnā. [In Arabic]
Sharaf al-Dīn, S. ʿA. (1998). Ejtehād dar Moqābel-e Naṣṣ. Daftar-e Enteshārāt-e Eslāmī. [In Persian]
Shūshtarī, M. T. (1998). Qāmūs al-Rijāl. Nashr-e Eslāmī. [In Arabic]
Suyūṭī, ʿA. al-R. ibn A. B. (1996). Al-Itqān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān. Dār al-Fikr. [In Arabic]
Ṭabāṭabāʾī, M. H. (1995). Al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān (M. B. Mūsavī, Trans.). Jāmiʿah-yi Mudarrisīn-e Ḥowzeh-ye ʿIlmīyah-ye Qom, Daftar-e Enteshārāt-e Eslāmī. [In Persian]
Ṭūsī, M. ibn al-Ḥ. (2000). Fihrist Kutub al-Shīʿah wa Uṣūlihim wa Asmāʾ al-Muṣannifīn wa Aṣḥāb al-Uṣūl (ʿA. Tabāṭabāʾī, Ed.). Maktabat al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī. [In Arabic]
Ẓahīr, I. al-H., & ʿAffānī, S. (2008). Al-Shīʿah wa al-Qurʾān. Dār Ibn Ḥazm. [In Arabic]
Zarkashī, M. ibn B. (1990). Al-Burhān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān. Dār al-Maʿrifah. [In Arabic]

  • Receive Date 14 April 2025
  • Revise Date 31 May 2025
  • Accept Date 02 June 2025
  • Publish Date 21 April 2026