The Holy Quran
Ibn Fāris, Aḥmad ibn Fāris (1404), M’ujam Maqāīs al-Lughah, ‘Abusalām Muḥammad Harūn, Qum, Maktab al-I’lām al-Islāmī, Markaz al-Nashr, Frist Edition
Ibn Bābūyah, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī (1395), Kamāl al-Dīn wa Tamām al-Niʿmah, ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī, Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islamiyyah, First Edition.
Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl ibn ʿUmar (1419), Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-Aẓīm, Muḥammad Ḥusayn Shams al-Dīn, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, Manshūrāt Muḥammad ʿAlī Baidoun, Second Edition.
Abūḥayyān, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf (1420), Al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ fī al-Tafsīr, Ṣidqī Muḥammad, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, First Edition.
Ālūsī, Maḥmūd ibn ʿAbd Allāh (1415), Rawḥ al-Maʿānī fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-Aẓīm wa al-Sabʿ al-Mathānī, Ibrāhīm Shams al-Dīn, ʿAlī ʿAbd al-Bārī ʿAṭiyah, Sanaā Baziʿa Shams al-Dīn, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, Manshūrāt Muḥammad ʿAlī Baidoun, First Edition.
Bayḍāwī, ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar (1418), Anwār al-Tanzīl wa Asrār al-Taʾwīl, Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Mar’ashī, Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1418.
Pūrkīānī, Muḥammad (1401), Darsnāmeh Mutāleʿāt-e Tamadunī, Tehran: Sūre, First Edition.
Jābir, Ḥasan (undated), Naẓrat fī Masār al-Muṭāṭīn al-Islāmī wa al-Gharbī li al-Ḥiḍārah wa al-Tārīkh, Journal of al-Muntaḷiq, No. 62, P. 26.
Jaṣāṣ, Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī Rāzī (1415), Aḥkām al-Qurʾān, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, First Edition
Javādī Āmulī, ʿAbdullah (1380), Tafsīr Tasnīm, Qom: Isrā, First Edition
Jawharī, Ismāʿīl ibn Ḥamād (1404), al-Ṣiḥāḥ, Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Ghafūr ʿAṭṭār, Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm lil-Malāyīn, First Edition.
Dehkhodā, ʿAlī Akbar (1359), Farhang Dehkhodā, Tehran: Dāneshgāh-e Tehrān, First Edition
Rezā, Muḥammad Rashīd (1414), Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-Ḥakīm al-Shahīr bi-Tafsīr al-Minār, Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah.
Zamakhsharī, Jārallāh (1407), al-Kashāf, Muṣṭafā Ḥusayn Aḥmad et al., Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, First Edition.
Sādeqī Tehrānī, Muḥammad (1406), al-Furqān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān bi al-Qurʾān wa al-Sunnah, Tehran: Farhang-e Eslāmī, First Edition.
Ṣadr al-Dīn Shīrāzī, Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm (1366), Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-Karīm, Qom: Bīdār, First Edition.
Ṣafār, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan (1404), Baṣāʾir al-Darajāt, Muḥsin ibn ʿAbbāsʿAlī Kūchakbāghī, Qom: Maktabat Āyat Allāh al-ʿUẓamī al-Marʿashī al-Najafī (ra), First Edition.
Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn (1352), al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Aʿlāmī li al-Maṭbūʿāt, First Edition
Ṭabrisī, Faẓl ibn Ḥasan (1408), Majmaʿ al-Bayān, Faẓlullāh Yazdī Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, First Edition.
Ṭabarī, Muḥammad ibn Jarīr (1412), Jāmiʿ al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Beirut, Dār al-Maʿrifah, Second Edition.
Ṭūsīm Nyhammad Ibn Ḥasan (undated) al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Quran, Aḥmad Habīb ‘Āmilī, Beirutm Dār Iḥyā al- Turāth al’Arabī
ʿAyāshī, Muḥammad ibn Masʿūd (1380), Tafsīr al-ʿAyāshī, Tehran: Maktabat al-ʿIlmīyah al-Islāmīyah, First Edition.
Fadlullāh, Muḥammad Ḥusayn (1419), Min Wahy al-Qurʾān, Beirut: Dār al-Malāk, First Edition.
Qarāʾatī, Muḥsin (1388), Tafsīr Nūr, Tehran: Markaz-e Farhangī-ye Dars-hāyī az Qurʾān, Second Edition.
Qumī, ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm (1404), Tafsīr al-Qumī, Ṭayyib Mūsavī Jazāʾirī, Qom: Dār al-Ketāb, First Edition.
Mudarrisī, Sayyid Muḥammad Taqī (1419), Min Hudā al-Qurʾān, Tehran: Dār Maḥbī al-Ḥusayn, First Edition.
Moein, Muḥammad (1388), Farhang-e Fārsī Moein, Tehran: Amīr Kabīr, Third Edition.
Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir (1374), Tafsīr Nimuneh, Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, First Edition.
Wajdī, Muḥammad Fareed (1971), Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Qarn al-ʿIshrīn, Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, First Edition.
Bruce Mazlish(2011), «Civilization in a Historical and global Perspective”, International Sociology.